International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 12, Issue 6 , Pages e89-e94 , November 2008

Expansion of HIV and syphilis into the Peruvian Amazon: a survey of four communities of an indigenous Amazonian ethnic group

  • Ellika C. Bartlett

      Affiliations

    • Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Ave (319 Light Hall), Nashville, TN 37212, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 615 322 9374; fax: +1 615 322 9400.
    • ,
  • Carol Zavaleta

      Affiliations

    • Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt”, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
    • ,
  • Connie Fernández

      Affiliations

    • Hospital de Apoyo Yurimaguas, Peru
    • ,
  • Hugo Razuri

      Affiliations

    • Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt”, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
    • ,
  • Stalin Vilcarromero

      Affiliations

    • Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt”, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
    • ,
  • Sten H. Vermund

      Affiliations

    • Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Ave (319 Light Hall), Nashville, TN 37212, USA
    • ,
  • Eduardo Gotuzzo

      Affiliations

    • Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt”, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

Received 17 December 2007 ,Revised 2 March 2008 ,Accepted 14 March 2008.

References 

  1. The World Factbook. Country profile: Peru. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html (accessed July 2008).
  2. Zavaleta C, Fernandez C, Konda K, Valderrama Y, Vermund SH, Gotuzzo E. High prevalence of HIV and syphilis in a remote native community of the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;76:703–705
  3. Medeot S, Nates S, Recalde A, Gallego S, Maturano E, Giordano M, et al. Prevalence of antibody to human T cell lymphotropic virus types 1/2 among aboriginal groups inhabiting northern Argentina and the Amazon region of Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999;60:623–629
  4. Zunt JR, La Rosa AM, Peinado J, Lama JR, Suarez L, Pun M, et al. Risk factors for HTLV-II infection in Peruvian men who have sex with men. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;74:922–925
  5. Chavers LS, Vermund SH. An introduction to emerging and reemerging diseases. In:  Lashley FR,  Durham JD editor. Emerging infectious diseases: trends and issues. New York: Springer Publishing; 2007;p. 3–24
  6. Butler RA. Tropical rainforests: human inhabitants. A place out of time: tropical rainforests and the perils they face. 9 January 2006. Available at: http://rainforests.mongabay.com/07tsa_indian_estimates.htm (accessed July 2008).
  7. Lama A. Peru: indigenous peoples still facing colour gap. Latin American Report. InterPress Third World News Agency (IPS). August 1999. Available at: www.apc.org.nz/lac/articles/news990820f.htm (accessed July 2008).
  8. Peru: country reports on human rights practices—2006. Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, US Department of State. March 6, 2007. Available at: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78902.htm (accessed July 2008).
  9. Hern WM. Polygyny and fertility among the Shipibo of the Peruvian Amazon. Pop Stud. 1992;46:53–64
  10. Mogollón GC, Haver AB. Sexual and reproductive rights and health perceptions, problems, and priorities identified by Asháninka women of Peru's Río Ene region. International Women's Health Coalition. Available at: http://www.iwhc.org/resources/acpcexecsummary.cfm (accessed October 14, 2007).
  11. Análisis de la situación epidimiológica del VIH/SIDA en el Peru—bases epidemiológicas para la prevención y control. Peru: Ministry of Health; 2006. Available at: http://www.oge.sld.pe/publicaciones/pub_asis/asis19.pdf (accessed July 2008).
  12. Perú: la población de las comunidades indígenas de la Amazonía. Peru: The National Institute of Statistics and Informatics. Available at: http://www1.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0001/Libro.htm (accessed July 2008).
  13. Fuentes A. Organización social. In:  Alba P editors. Porque las piedras no mueren: historia, sociedad y ritos de los Chayahuita del Alto Amazonas. Lima, Peru: Centro Amazonico de Anthropologia y Aplicacion Practica (CAAAP); 1988;p. 103–153
  14. Paris M, Gotuzzo E, Goyzueta G, Aramburu J, Caceres CF, Crawford D, et al. Motorcycle taxi drivers and sexually transmitted infections in a Peruvian Amazon city. Sex Transm Dis. 2001;28:11–13
  15. Paris M, Gotuzzo E, Goyzueta G, Aramburu J, Caceres CF, Castellano T, et al. Prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections in commercial sex workers in a Peruvian Amazon city. Sex Transm Dis. 1999;26:103–107
  16. UNAIDS update on HIV/AIDS in Peru. Available at: http://data.unaids.org/Publications/Fact-Sheets01/peru_en.pdf (accessed July 2008).
  17. Cáceres CF. HIV among gay and other men who have sex with men in Latin America and the Caribbean: a hidden epidemic?. AIDS. 2002;16(Suppl 3):23–33
  18. Linn JG, Garnelo L, Husaini BA, Brown C, Benzaken AS, Stringfield YN. HIV prevention for indigenous people of the Amazon Basin. Cell Mol Biol. 2001;47:1009–1015
  19. Trujillo L, Muñoz D, Gotuzzo E, Yi A, Watts DM. Sexual practices and prevalence of HIV, HTLV-I/II, and Treponema pallidum among clandestine female sex workers in Lima, Peru. Sex Transm Dis. 1999;26:115–118
  20. Tabet S, Sanchez J, Lama J, Goicochea P, Campos P, Rouillon M, et al. HIV, syphilis and heterosexual bridging among Peruvian men who have sex with men. AIDS. 2002;16:1271–1277
  21. Sanchez J, Gotuzzo E, Escamilla J, Carrillo C, Moreyra L, Stamm W, et al. Sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers: reduced by condom use but not by a limited periodic examination program. Sex Transm Dis. 1998;25:82–89
  22. Zacharias NM, Athanassaki ID, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Gardner MO. High false- positive rate of human immunodeficiency virus rapid serum screening in a predominantly Hispanic prenatal population. J Perinatol. 2004;24:743–747
  23. Ghosh K, Javeri KN, Mohanty D, Parmar BD, Surati RR, Joshi SH. False positive serological tests in acute malaria. Br J Biomed Sci. 2001;58:20–23
  24. Vicente AC, Otsuki K, Silva NB, Castilho MC, Barros FS, Pieniazek D, et al. The HIV epidemic in the Amazon Basin is driven by prototypic and recombinant HIV-1 subtypes B and F. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;23:327–331
  25. Machado LF, Vallinoto AC, Souza MI, Azevedo VN, Ishak MO, Ishak R. Serological and molecular typing of HIV type 1 infection in the Tiriyo tribe, a native Indian community of the Amazon region of Brazil. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2006;22:1267–1270
  26. Cohen J. HIV/AIDS: Latin America & Caribbean. Peru: universal access: more goal than reality. Science. 2006;313:489

PII: S1201-9712(08)01386-6

doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.03.036

International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 12, Issue 6 , Pages e89-e94 , November 2008

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution