Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Pakistan: prevalence and risk factors

Summary of studies reporting HBV prevalence in the general population of Pakistan. Each study is represented horizontally. From left to right: reference number, first author, city in which the study was conducted, year in which the study was published; dot and bar represent the point prevalence of HBV with calculated 95% confidence interval; lab technique used to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); sample size of the study. The vertical line represents the calculated weighted average prevalence of HBV based on all the studies in the particular group.

ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (number represents generation of test); RPHA, reverse particle hemagglutination assay; ICT, immunochromatographic test; LPA, latex particle agglutination; MEIA, micro-enzyme immunoassay (number represents generation of test); RIBA, recombinant immunoblot assay; ??, unknown.

Summary of studies reporting HCV prevalence in the general population of Pakistan. Each study is represented horizontally. From left to right: reference number, first author, city in which the study was conducted, year in which the study was published; cross and bar represent the point prevalence of HCV with calculated 95% confidence interval; lab technique used to detect hepatitis C virus antibody (HCVAb); sample size of the study. The vertical line represents the calculated weighted average prevalence of HCV based on all the studies in the particular group.

ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (number represents generation of test); RPHA, reverse particle hemagglutination assay; ICT, immunochromatographic test; LPA, latex particle agglutination; MEIA, micro-enzyme immunoassay (number represents generation of test); RIBA, recombinant immunoblot assay; ??, unknown.

Summary of studies reporting HBV and HCV prevalence in the high-risk population of Pakistan. Each study is represented horizontally. From left to right: reference number, first author, city in which the study was conducted, year in which the study was published; dot and bar represent the point prevalence of HBV with calculated 95% confidence interval while cross and bar represent point prevalence of HCV with calculated 95% confidence interval; lab technique used to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or hepatitis C virus antibody (HCVAb); sample size of the study. The vertical line represents the calculated weighted average prevalence of HBV or HCV based on all the studies in the particular group.

ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (number represents generation of test); RPHA, reverse particle hemagglutination assay; ICT, immunochromatographic test; LPA, latex particle agglutination; MEIA, micro-enzyme immunoassay (number represents generation of test); RIBA, recombinant immunoblot assay; ??, unknown.