International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 13, Issue 3 , Pages 374-379 , May 2009

Urine as an adjunct specimen for the diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis

Received 5 March 2008 ,Revised 17 May 2008 ,Accepted 14 July 2008.

References 

  1. World Health Organization global tuberculosis fact sheet No. 104, 2007. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/ (accessed February 2008).
  2. Tattevin P, Casalino E, Fleury L, Egmann G, Ruel M, Bouvet E. The validity of medical history, classic symptoms, and chest radiographs in predicting pulmonary tuberculosis: derivation of a pulmonary tuberculosis prediction model. Chest. 1999;115:1248–1253
  3. Cohen R, Muzaffar S, Capellan J, Azar H, Chinikamwala M. The validity of classic symptoms and chest radiographic configuration in predicting pulmonary tuberculosis. Chest. 1996;109:420–423
  4. Cohen RA, Muzaffar S, Schwartz D, Bashir S, Luke S, McGartland LP, et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis using PCR assays on sputum collected within 24hours of hospital admission. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157:156–161
  5. Behr MA, Warren SA, Salamon H, Hopewell PC, Ponce de Leon A, Daley CL, et al. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients smear-negative for acid-fast bacilli. Lancet. 1999;353:444–449
  6. Gopinath K, Mani Sankar M, Kumar S, Singh S. Controlling multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in India. Lancet. 2007;369:741–742
  7. Dutt AK, Stead WW. Smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Semin Respir Infect. 1994;9:113–119
  8. Dickson SJ, Brent A, Davidson RN, Wall R. Comparison of bronchoscopy and gastric washings in the investigation of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:1649–1653
  9. Colby FH. Essential urology. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1961;p. 552
  10. Bentz RR, Dimcheff DG, Nemiroff MJ, Tsang A, Weg JG. The incidence of urine cultures positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a general tuberculosis patient population. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1975;111:647–650
  11. Mortier E, Pouchot J, Girard L, Boussougant Y, Vinceneux P. Assessment of urine analysis for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Br Med J. 1996;312:27–28
  12. Kafwabulula M, Ahmed K, Nagatake T, Gotoh J, Mitarai S, Oizumi K, et al. Evaluation of PCR-based methods for the diagnosis of tuberculosis by identification of mycobacterial DNA in urine samples. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2002;6:732–737
  13. Sechi LA, Pinna MP, Sanna A, Pirina P, Ginesu F, Saba F, et al. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by PCR analysis of urine and other clinical samples from AIDS and non-HIV-infected patients. Mol Cell Probes. 1997;11:281–285
  14. Aceti A, Zanetti S, Mura MS, Sechi LA, Turrini F, Saba F, et al. Identification of HIV patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis using urine based polymerase chain reaction assay. Thorax. 1999;54:145–146
  15. Torrea G, Van de Perre P, Ouedraogo M, Zougba A, Sawadogo A, Dingtoumda B, et al. PCR-based detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in urine of HIV-infected and uninfected pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Burkina Faso. J Med Microbiol. 2005;54:39–44
  16. Diagnostic standards, classification of tuberculosis in adults, children. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. This statement was endorsed by the Council of the Infectious Disease Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:1376–1395
  17. Reves R, Reichman LB, Simone PM, Starke JR, Vernon AA. American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America: treatment of tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167:603–662
  18. Kent PT, Kubica GP. Public health mycobacteriology. A guide for the level III laboratory. Atlanta, GA, USA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1985;
  19. Ausubel FM, Brent R, Kingston RE, Moore DM, Smith JA, Struhl K. Preparation of genomic DNA from bacteria. Current protocols in molecular biology. New York: John Wiley; 1998;p. 1129–215
  20. Telenti A, Marchesi F, Balz M, Bally F, Bottger EC, Bodmer T. Rapid identification of mycobacteria to the species level by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31:175–178
  21. Huard RC, Chitale S, Leung M, Lazzarini LC, Zhu H, Shashkina E, et al. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-restricted gene cfp32 encodes an expressed protein that is detectable in tuberculosis patients and is positively correlated with pulmonary interleukin-10. Infect Immun. 2003;71:6871–6883
  22. Huang XD, Yang XO, Huang RB, Zhang HY, Zhao HL, Zhao YJ, et al. A novel four base-pair deletion within the Aγ-globin gene promoter associated with slight increase of Aγ expression in adult. Am J Hematol. 2000;63:16–19
  23. Cowie RL, Langton ME, Escreet BC. Diagnosis of sputum smear and sputum culture-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. S Afr Med J. 1985;68:878
  24. Rebollo MJ, San Juan Garrido R, Folgueira D, Palenque E, Diaz-Pedroche C, Lumbreras C, et al. Blood and urine samples as useful sources for the direct detection of tuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006;56:141–146
  25. Hillemann D, Richter E, Rusch-Gerdes S. Use of the BACTEC mycobacteria growth indicator tube 960 automated system for recovery of mycobacteria from 9,558 extra-pulmonary specimens, including urine samples. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:4014–4017
  26. Bapat VM, Bal AM, Bhuta RS, Salvi DR. Mycobacteriuria—whether a forerunner of manifest tuberculosis?. J Assoc Phys India. 2006;54:588–590
  27. Gow JG. Genitourinary tuberculosis. In:  Walsh PC editors. Campbell’s urology. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1992;p. 951–981
  28. Missirliu A, Gasman D, Vogt B. Genito-urinary tuberculosis: rapid diagnosis using the polymerase chain reaction. Eur Urol. 1996;30:523–524
  29. Kolk AH, Schuitema AR, Kuijper S. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples by using polymerase chain reaction and a non-radioactive detection system. J Clin Microbiol. 1992;30:2567–2575
  30. Greenfield L, White TJ. Sample preparation methods. In:  Persing D,  Smith T,  Tenover F,  White TJ editor. Diagnostic molecular microbiology: principles and applications. Washington DC: ASM Press; 1993;p. 122–137

PII: S1201-9712(08)01495-1

doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.07.022

International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 13, Issue 3 , Pages 374-379 , May 2009

Article Tools