Hypoglycemia associated with bacteremic pneumococcal infections

Summary 

Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence and associated presentations of hypoglycemia in bacteremic pneumococcal infections, and serotypes of the isolates.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of 70 episodes of pneumococcal bacteremia that occurred in 2004 and 2005.

Results

We found hypoglycemia (plasma glucose <3.05mmol/l)) in six (8.6%) episodes. The patients were three children (mean age 3 years 1 month; range 1 year 5 months–4 years 5 months) and three adults (mean age 73.3 years; range 63–84 years). One child with asplenia and cyanotic heart disease had primary pneumococcal bacteremia. Of the other two children, one had meningitis and the other pneumonia. All the adults had cancer with previous chemotherapy and multilobar pneumonia, which progressed rapidly to respiratory failure. All patients developed their first hypoglycemic episode within two hours after presentation. The average plasma glucose during hypoglycemia was 1.78±0.78mmol/l (range 0.33–2.94mmol/l). One child and all of the adults died. Serotypes of isolates were those usually associated with severe pneumococcal infection: 6B and 19F in the children; 3, 14, and 23F in the adults. Only the asplenic child had received pneumococcal vaccine.

Conclusions

Hypoglycemia occurred in 8.6% of bacteremic pneumococcal infections and was associated with high mortality and serotypes that cause severe invasive disease. All patients suspected of having septicemia should have their glucose checked to avoid missing hypoglycemia leading to a worsening of their already poor condition.

Keywords: Hypoglycemia, Pneumococcal bacteremia, Serotype