Bladder irrigation with amphotericin B and fungal urinary tract infection—systematic review with meta-analysis

Summary 

Background

Candiduria is a hospital-associated infection and a daily problem in the intensive care unit. The treatment of asymptomatic candiduria is not well established and the use of amphotericin B bladder irrigation (ABBI) is controversial. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the best place for this therapy in practice.

Methods

The databases searched in this study included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and LILACS (January 1960–June 2007). We included manuscripts with data on the treatment of candiduria using ABBI. The studies were classified as comparative, dose-finding, or non-comparative.

Results

From 213 studies, nine articles (377 patients) met our inclusion criteria. ABBI showed a higher clearance of the candiduria 24hours after the end of therapy than fluconazole (odds ratio (OR) 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32–1.00). Fungal culture 5 days after the end of both therapies showed a similar response (OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.81–2.80). The evaluation of ABBI using an intermittent or continuous system of delivery showed an early candiduria clearance (24hours after therapy) of 80% and 82%, respectively (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.52–1.36). Candiduria clearance at >5 days after the therapy showed a superior response using continuous bladder irrigation with amphotericin B (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29–0.94). The use of continuous ABBI for more than 5 days showed a better result (88% vs. 78%) than ABBI for less than 5 days, but without significance (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.34–1.04).

Conclusion

Although the strength of the results in the underlying literature is not sufficient to allow the drawing of definitive conclusions, ABBI appears to be as effective as fluconazole, but it does not offer systemic antifungal therapy and should only be used for asymptomatic candiduria.

Keywords: Candida, Urinary tract infection, Bladder, Amphotericin B, Funguria, Candiduria