International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 14, Issue 2 , Pages e96-e101 , February 2010

Foodborne botulism in southwest Romania during the post-communism period 1990–2007

Received 30 July 2008 ,Revised 20 October 2008 ,Accepted 21 March 2009.

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PII: S1201-9712(09)00158-1

doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.03.022

International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 14, Issue 2 , Pages e96-e101 , February 2010