International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 14, Issue 9 , Pages e796-e799 , September 2010

Welders are at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease

  • Alexander Wong

      Affiliations

    • Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, 2E4.16 Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +780 407 8077; fax: +780 407 7137.
    • ,
  • Thomas J. Marrie

      Affiliations

    • Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, 2E4.16 Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7
    • ,
  • Sipi Garg

      Affiliations

    • EPICORE Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
    • ,
  • James D. Kellner

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
    • ,
  • Gregory J. Tyrrell

      Affiliations

    • Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
    • The National Centre for Streptococcus, The Provincial Laboratory for Public Health (Microbiology), Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
    • ,
  • the SPAT Group

Received 22 November 2009 ,Accepted 28 February 2010.

References 

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  3. Kyaw MH, Rose CE, Fry AM, Singleton JA, Moore Z, Zell ER, et al. The influence of chronic illnesses on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults. J Infect Dis. 2005;192:377–386
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  5. Jackson LA, Neuzil KM, Yu O, et al. Effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in older adults. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1747–1755
  6. Pneumococcal vaccine. Canadian immunization guide. 7th ed. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2006, p. 267-76.
  7. Alberta Health and Wellness (AH&W). Population projections for Alberta and its health regions, 2000-2030. Edmonton: AH&W; 2001.
  8. Health Canada. Case definitions for diseases under national surveillance. Can Commun Dis Rep 2000; 26:S3-51.
  9. Facklam RR, Washington JA. Streptococcus and related catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci. In:  Balows A,  Hausler WJ,  Herrmann KL,  Isenberg HD,  Shadomy HJ editor. Manual of clinical microbiology.. 5th ed.. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1991;p. 238–257
  10. Lund R, Henrichsen J. Laboratory diagnosis, serology and epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In:  Bergan T,  Norris JR editor. Methods in microbiology. Vol.12:New York: Academic Press, Inc; 1978;p. 241–262
  11. Coggon D, Inskip H, Winter P, Pannett B. Lobar pneumonia: an occupational disease in welders. Lancet. 1994;344:41–43
  12. Antonini JM, Taylor MD, Zimmer AT, Roberts JR. Pulmonary responses to welding fumes: role of metal constituents. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2003;63:233–249
  13. Palmer KT, Poole J, Ayres JG, Mann J, Burge PS, Coggon D. Exposure to metal fume and infectious pneumonia. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157:227–233
  14. Antonini JM, Roberts JR. Chromium in stainless steel welding fume suppresses lung defence responses against bacterial infection in rats. J Immunotoxicol. 2007;4:117–127
  15. Palmer KT, McNeill-Love R, Poole JR, Coggon D, Frew AJ, Linaker CH, et al. Inflammatory responses to the occupational inhalation of metal fume. Eur Respir J. 2006;27:366–373
  16. Pastor P, Medley F, Murphy TV. Invasive pneumococcal disease in Dallas County, Texas: results from population-based surveillance in 1995. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;26:590–595

PII: S1201-9712(10)02406-9

doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2268

International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 14, Issue 9 , Pages e796-e799 , September 2010

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