International Journal of Infectious Diseases RSS feed: Articles in Press. The International Journal of Infectious Diseases (IJID) is published bimonthly by the International Society for Infectious Diseases. IJID welcomes manuscripts in the following categories: epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, treatment and control of infectious diseases with particular emphasis placed on those diseases that are most common in less-developed countries. IJID publishes original clinical and laboratory-based research, together with reports of clinical trials, reviews and some case reports. Please noted as of December 2010 the International Journal of Infectious Diseases will be published online only. http://www.ijidonline.com//inpress?rss=yesElsevier Inc.en © 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. International Journal of Infectious Diseases1201-97122010-03-08 © 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. healthpermissions@elsevier.comhttp://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210000330/abstract?rss=yesAbstracts for Supplement - Corrected Proof10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.001International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-08http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210000342/abstract?rss=yesAbstracts for Supplement - Corrected Proof10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.002International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-08http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210000354/abstract?rss=yesAbstracts for Supplement - Corrected Proof10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.003International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-08http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210000366/abstract?rss=yesAuthor index - Corrected Proof10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.004International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-08http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210003978/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and the most common cause of bacterial keratitis that can result in irreversible corneal scarring, a pathologic effect that reduces visual acuity and can lead to blindness. Humulus lupulus L. flower complex has multiple therapeutic properties such as antibiotic effects against some gram positive bacteria and fungi. In the present research, topical anti-staphylococcus aureus effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Humulus lupulus L. flowers in corneal infection induced by staphylococcus aureus were investigated in mice.Antibacterial effects of Humulus lupulus L. extract on topical staphylococcal infection in BALB/c Mice cornea - Corrected ProofM. Hadipour Jahromy, S. Khakpour, M. Hadipour Jahromy, A. Najafi10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.365International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.001http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS120197121000398X/abstract?rss=yesBackground: A proportion of patients afflicted with WNV can develop neuromuscular degenerative diseases and potentially fatal encephalitis. However, host immuno-modulatory factors involved in the establishment of viremia and subsequent infiltration of cytotoxic immune cells is yet well understood. This study thus investigates the role of IRF-2, an attenuator of interferon (IFN) response, on the establishment of viremia and immune cell infiltration during WNV infection.Up regulation of IRF-2 in West Nile Virus infection: Implications for establishment of viremia in the brain leading to encephalitis - Corrected ProofK.L. Yeo, M.L. Ng10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.366International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.002http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210003991/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a very pathogenic tickborne virus member of the Bunyaviridae family and the Nairovirus genus. The knowledge of CCHFV pathogenesis is improving: recently, new target cells were identified. We and others had demonstrated that CCHFV is able to infect and partially activate monocytes derived dendritic cells and macrophages. During one retrospective study, it was shown that CCHFV was detected in the liver of infected patients.Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infects human hepatocytes and induces IL-8 secretion - Corrected ProofR. Rodrigues, G. Paranhos-Baccala, C. Peyrefitte10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.367International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.003http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004005/abstract?rss=yesBackground: High pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV) is an object of research by many scientists in the world. This disease agent is capable of infecting a wide range of varieties of wild and domestic birds. Among the known pathways of any infection the most effective believe airborne and fecal-oral routes. It is believed that chickens infected by the fecal-oral route, i.e. through the gastrointestinal tract. Do not exclude also the aerosol route of transmission of the disease in chickens. In the present study infectious properties of various AIV strains and the degree of sensitivity to this pathogen of respiratory and gastric-intestinal tract of the chickens, as well as the dynamics of dissemination in their body were studied.The course of infection in respiratory infected chickens caused by avian influenza virus A/H5N1 - Corrected ProofA. Sergeev, O.V. P’yankov, O.K. Demina, L.N. Shishkina, A.S. Safatov, A.N. Sergeev, I.G. Drozdov10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.368International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.004http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004017/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) is a dimorphic pathogenic fungus that causes a wide spectrum of diseases. Macrophages are an important phagocytic cells in host defense against fungi. In order to enhance host defense, these resident cells secrete chemotactic substances such as leukotrienes (LTs) and cytokines that recruit effector cells to the focus of infection. LTs are potent lipid mediators of inflammation and host defense, derived from the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. We have been shown that the absence of leukotrienes in genetically modified mice (5-LO−/−) or by treating WT animals with pharmacological inhibitor MK886, have increased susceptibility to infection when they are infected with H. capsulatum. Recent studies show that susceptibility or resistance of different strains to certain infections, such as Leishmania amazonensis, is associated with differential production of LTs. In the present study, we evaluated the production of LTB4 by peritoneal macrophages (PM) from susceptible and resistant mice after challenge with H. capsulatum and the effect of LTs in phagocytosis by macrophages of both strains.Role of leukotrienes in resistance and susceptibility to infection by Histoplasma capsulatum - Corrected ProofA. Secatto, E.M. Soares, A.I. Medeiros, L.H. Faccioli10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.369International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.005http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004029/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a virulent intracellular pathogen that infects and persist in host macrophages, resulting in granuloma formation and collagen deposition in the lung. The mechanisms that confer resistance to Mtb or results in establishment of disease are poor understood. Data from the literature suggest that differences in Mtb virulence contribute to setting up of the disease. In order clarify this aspect, our purpose is to investigate the immune response and lung pathology in mice infected with Mtb obtained from distinct clinical isolates. The isolates were recovered from patients with noncavitary (SV 009) or extrapulmonary (SV 068) active tuberculosis.Different clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced distinctive pulmonary inflammation in mice - Corrected ProofE. Soares, C.M. Peres, A. Secatto, C.L. Silva, L.H. Faccioli10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.370International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.006http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004030/abstract?rss=yesBackground: During the 2008-2009 influenza season, an outbreak of the H3N2 A/Brisbane/10/07 strain occurred in several European countries. Great Britain experienced its worst influenza outbreak in eight years. Further, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that influenza seasons in which H3N2 strains are predominate have been associated with a greater risk of severe illness and mortality rates. Thus, the need for effective vaccines and therapeutics against interpandemic influenza strains remains a high priority. To provide an appropriate animal model for these novel products, the ferret was evaluated as a possible efficacy model for Influenza A/Brisbane/10/07 H3N2.Evaluation of the ferret as a model for influenza A/Brisbane/10/07 H3N2 - Corrected ProofJ. Garver, K. Van Zandt, J. Rhone, G. Stark, J. Bigger10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.371International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.007http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004042/abstract?rss=yesBackground: The objective of this study was to refine a low dose ferret therapeutic model of A/Vietnam/1203/04 influenza infection. Methods: Forty-four male ferrets (Mustela putorius furo), 8–15 weeks in age, were divided into 4 groups of 8 ferrets (groups A, C, E and G; experimental) and 4 groups of 3 ferrets (groups B, D, F and H; controls). Animals in groups A, C, E and G were challenged with 5 x 103 TCID50 of A/Vietnam/1203/04 via the intranasal route. Data collection was staggered by group pairs (groups A+B, C+D, E+F, G+H) so that clinical observations, blood (clinical hematology and clinical chemistry), nasal wash specimens (qPCR and TCID50), and temperature data were collected at approximately 8 hour intervals from 16-48hours and at 24 hour intervals between 72 and 120hours. After 120hours, temperatures and clinical observations were recorded 2 times daily until the end of the study (Day 14) or death of the animal. Tissues were collected from any infected animal found dead or euthanized prior to day 14, for determination of viral load by a combination of qPCR and TCID50.Natural history study of a low dose HPAI (A/Vietnam/1203/04) infection in ferrets - Corrected ProofJ. Long, J. Edwards, A. Wasko, M. Gainey, P. Herr-Calomeni, G. Stark, J. Bigger10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.372International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.008http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004054/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Plasmodium falciparum malaria still remains a major public health problem in most parts of the world especially in Sub Saharan Africa. Pathogenesis of severe malaria is still not fully understood and several factors have been suggested to play a role. Fc receptors constitutes a crucial link between humoral and cellular immune responses and are thought be important in the pathogenesis of severe malaria. FcγRIIA which belongs to the family of Fc receptors are predominantly expressed on neutrophils which have been shown to kill merozoites. Thus variants of FcγRIIA may influence the binding affinity of IgG and subsequently affect phagocytosis and parasite clearance. On the other hand, increased binding affinity and enhanced phagocytosis can also stimulate the release of some immune factors in quantities that are detrimental leading to severe malaria. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of the FcγRIIA-131H/R variant in the pathogenesis of severe malaria in Ghanaian children.Fc/R IIA polymorphism -131H/R and malaria severity in Ghanaian children - Corrected ProofD. Amoako-Sakyi10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.373International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.009http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004066/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Outbreaks of Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections have been reported worldwide, and a main concern is the severity of infection with fatal necrotizing pneumonia and toxic shock. Studies showed that the expression of virulence proteins by Staphylococcus aureus depends on the strain types and could be modulated by different agents including antibiotics. The objective of the study was to establish a murine infection model to study the in-vivo effects of commonly used antimicrobials on the severity of CA-MRSA pneumonia.An animal model to study antimicrobial effects on community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection - Corrected ProofM. Ip, E.T.Y. Leung, C. Wong, K. To10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.374International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.010http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004078/abstract?rss=yesBackground: The role of liver NK cells in virus-induced severe viral hepatitis and subsequently hepatic failure is not well defined. Methods: In this study, we investigated the role of liver NK cells in the development of hepatocyte necrosis in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) due to viral infection. A mouse model of FHF induced by murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3) was used to study the role of liver NK cells. Samples from patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) were examined.Increased killing of liver NK cells by Fas/FasL and NKG2D/NKG2DL contributes to hepatocyte necrosis in virus-induced liver failure - Corrected ProofT. Chen, Y. Zou, M. Han, H. Wang, W. Yan, G. Song, Z. Wu, X. Wang, C. Zhu, X. Luo, Q. Ning10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.375International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.011http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS120197121000408X/abstract?rss=yesBackground: CMV normally causes a mononucleosis syndrome in immunocompetent persons. Immunologic aberrations recognized with this infection include hypogammaglobulinemia, rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibodies and anticomplementary activity. CMV has been associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and Wegener's granulomatosis. Adult Onset Still's Disease (AOSD) is an RF-negative inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology, responsible for many cases of fever of unknown origin. It is marked by cytokine abnormalities and a predominant Th1-cell response.CMV infection causing Adult Onset Still's Disease: A clinical case - Corrected ProofD. Bento, R. Leite, R. Tavares, A. MIranda, F. Ventura, C. Araújo, K. Mansinho10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.376International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.012http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004091/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Telbivudine is an orally bioavailable L-nucleoside with potent and specific anti–hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity. Recent studies have suggested a potential immunomodulatory effect of telbivudine. To address this, we sought to determine the effect of telbivudine on the immune system, particularly cytokine production and T-cell response, in the mouse hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3)-induced hepatitis model.Telbivudine preserves Th1 cytokine response and down regulates PD-L1 in MHV-3–induced viral hepatitis model - Corrected ProofZ. Wu, W. Yan, W. Guo, Y. Zou, H. Wang, X. Wang, X. Yang, Y. Lu, X. Luo, Q. Ning10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.377International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.013http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004108/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Candida albicans morphology switching and quorum-sensing are important factors for pathogenicity and virulence in persons with a compromised or deficient immune system. This study investigates the in vitro response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to infections with low and high densities of C. albicans. We hypothesize that higher cell densities of C. albicans yeast-form cells (blastospores), are more detrimental to HUVECs than lower cell densities of hyphal forms.Transcriptome profile of the human endothelial cell response to high- and low-density infections of Candida albicans - Corrected ProofP.P. Chong, C.S.Y. Lim, Y.-H. Tan, H.F. Seow, R. Rosli10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.378International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.014http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS120197121000411X/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of dengue virus infection. One of the most important finding is the production of proinflammatory cytokines as responsible of activation of vascular wall, plasma leakage and subsequently disease severity. Our aim was to determine levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines during the course and severity of dengue infection.Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and soluble cell adhesion molecules serves as early markers for recognition of diseases severity in patients with dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever - Corrected ProofM. Odreman, S. Vielma, C. Torres, L. Tellez, J. Mendoza, S. Perez, N. Mosqueda, M. Muñoz, J. Muñoz, J. Goyo10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.379International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.015http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004121/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Chagas disease remains a major public health concern with 8 to 10 million people already being infected, an annual incidence of 200 000 new cases in 15 countries, and 14.000 deaths associated with the infection per year. The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) is one of the major reservoirs of T. cruzi in Perú and Bolivia, however the number of studies using this mammal is reduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the guinea pig as an animal model for Chagas disease.Cavia porcellus as a model for experimental infection by Trypanosoma cruzi - Corrected ProofY. Castro Sesquen, R.H. Gilman, M. Verastegui, V. Yauri, N. Angulo, D.E. Velasquez Portocarrero, C. Bern10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.380International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0873.016http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004133/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Staphylococcus aureus is a leading pathogen causing many serious and life threatening infections. Resistant S.aureus has become a serious matter of concern over recent years. Knowledge of antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the local isolates is essential for selection of appropriate therapy for the effective management of Staphylococcal infections. Present study was undertaken to study the status of antimicrobial resistance among the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with special reference to the prevalence of Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus(VISA).Prevalence of Vancomycin Intermediate Staphyloccus aureus (VISA) in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Nepal - Corrected ProofB. Khanal, R. Baral, A. Acharya10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.381International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.001http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004145/abstract?rss=yesBackground: The T.E.S.T. program determined the in vitro activity against methicillinresistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. of TIG and 10 antimicrobials commonly prescribed for serious gram-positive infections: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AUG), piperacillin-tazobactam (PT), levofloxacin (LVX), ceftriaxone (CAX), linezolid (LZD), minocycline (MIN), vancomycin (VAN), ampicillin (AMP), penicillin (P), and meropenem (MER). Study strains were collected from 697 laboratories in 55 countries globally throughout 2004-2009.A worldwide surveillance program studying the In Vitro Activity of Tigecycline and 10 common therapeutic agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycinresistant Enterococcus species from 2004–2009 - Corrected ProofB. Johnson, M. Renteria, J. johnson, R. Badal, S. Bouchillon, D. Hoban, M. Dowzicky10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.382International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.002http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004157/abstract?rss=yesBackground: During the last decade, enterococci have become important nosocomial pathogens, representing the second leading cause of urinary tract infections. This increasing prevalence has been paralleled by the occurrence of multi-drug resistant (MDR). The aim of this cross-sectional prevalence study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis isolated from clinical samples in hospitalized patients in Kashan, Iran.The survey of risk factors of multi drug resistant of E. faecalis isolated from clinical samples - Corrected ProofR. Moniri10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.383International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.003http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004169/abstract?rss=yesBackground: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between increased resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to macrolides and use of macrolides in Croatia from 2001 to 2008, with the special emphasis on differences in outpatient consumption of macrolides in City of Zagreb and total consumption in Republic of Croatia.The relationship between macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae and consumption of oral macrolides in Republic of Croatia and City of Zagreb - Corrected ProofJ. Vranes, J. Knezevic, B. Bedenic, D. Stimac, N. Jarza-Davila, M. Anusic10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.384International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.004http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004170/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Bloodstream infections remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of pattern of antimicrobial agents among local isolates and its changes over time plays a major role for selecting appropriate and effective therapy. Present study was undertaken to determine the type and frequency of bacterial isolates obtained from blood culture and their antimicrobial resistant pattern in BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), a tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal.Blood culture isolates in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern Nepal: Trends in antimicrobial resistance - Corrected ProofB. Khanal, S. Shrestha, N. Gyawali10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.385International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.005http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004182/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Tigecycline, the first glycylcycline, presents a therapy option for emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-positive (GP) and -negative (GN) pathogens in complicated intra-abdominal, skin structure, and respiratory infections. Latin American countries have high and increasing prevalence of MDR isolates of Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLs), Acinetobacter spp. (carbapenem-resistant) and Gram-positive cocci (MRSA, VRE). The aim of this study was to assess the activity of tigecycline and comparator antimicrobials against recent (2009) isolates from Latin America.Multicenter evaluation of tigecycline activity in Latin America: Report from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program (2009) - Corrected ProofD.J. Farrell, H. Sader, S.D. Putnam, R.N. jones10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.386International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.006http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004194/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Enterococci are important human pathogens implicated in various nosocomial infections. In Japan, prevalence of high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) is recognized as a potential concern for enterococcal infections, although vancomicin resistance is rarely found. In the present study, prevalence of two aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia and aph(2″)-Ie which confer HLGR to enterococci and clonal diversity of the enterococcal isolates with these resistance genes were analyzed.Genetic diversity of enterococci harboring high-level gentamicin resistance genes aac(6′)-Ieaph(2″)-Ia or aph(2″)-Ie in a Japanese hospital - Corrected ProofN. Kobayashi, S. Watanabe, S. Nagashima, D. Quinones, N. Urushibara10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.387International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.007http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004200/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Community- acquired methicillin resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) that infects patients with no traditional risk factors for the acquisition of MRSA infections is increasing in many parts of the world. In this study, CA-MRSA obtained from patients in eight Kuwait hospitals were characterized for their antibiotic resistance and typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), SCCmec and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to ascertain their relatedness.The expansion of ST80-SCCmec-IV clone of community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Kuwait hospitals - Corrected ProofE. Udo, E. Sarkhoo10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.388International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.008http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004212/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Numerous community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections have been seen in healthy populations. To detect CA-MRSA is important for clinicians because many fatal cases were reported. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing is useful for defining CA-MRSA clones. The rapid detection system for CA-MRSA is needed. We established a convenient multiplex real-time PCR for detection of SCCmec type assignment with detection of the pathogenicity analyzed MRSA clones in Nagasaki.A novel multiplex real-time PCR assay for CA-MRSA: Rapid typing of SCCmec type assignment with detection of the pathogenicity - Corrected ProofK. Yanagihara, M. Motoshima, Y. Yamada, S. Kamihira, S. Kohno10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.389International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.009http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004224/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a common cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infection. Vancomycin has become the drug of choice given the emergence of MRSA; however, studies have reported an increase in the vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and vancomycin treatment failure despite MICs within the susceptible range ()2μg/mL). Limited studies have examined whether this increase in vancomycin MIC is associated with patient outcome.Trend of vancomycin MIC values among MRSA clinical isolates and association with patient outcome - Corrected ProofK.A. Kincaid, J.M. Koo, S.M. Borchardt, T.S. Lo10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.390International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.010http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004236/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was first detected in the 1960s, and since that time it has spread rapidly worldwide, becoming a leading cause of nosocomial infection. Because MRSA are also resistant to many antibiotics, the infections caused by them are particularly difficult to treat. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics both in hospital settings and in community may aid in higher prevalence of MRSA in a country like Nepal.Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in tertiary referral hospital in Nepal - Corrected ProofK. Sapkota, S.R. Basnyat, C.D. Shrestha, J. Shrestha, S.P. Dumre, N. Adhikari10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.391International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.011http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004248/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Linezolid resistance is rare among coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Such isolates have been firstly detected in our institution at November 2008. Despite perceived low virulence of CoNS, infection in critically ill patients is of potential concern. We performed an epidemiological and laboratory investigation to assess this finding.Emergence of linezolid-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in an Intensive Care Unit - Corrected ProofO. Zarkotou, G. Chrysos, E. Magira, G. Altouvas, A. Prekates, K. Digalaki, A. Tsakris10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.392International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.012http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS120197121000425X/abstract?rss=yesBackground: The chemotherapy of staphylococcal infections has been complicated by evolution of multidrug resistant strains, especially the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) now treated with various groups of antimicrobial agents, including, the glycopeptides (vancomycin); and the macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (MLSB) class of antibiotics. The risk of clinical failure during therapy is increasingly being reported while therapeutic failures due to MLSB-inducible resistance (MLSB-i) is becoming more frequent. The study determined prevalence of inducible erm-mediated clindamycin resistance (MLSB-i) in clinical staphylococcal isolates with reduced vancomycin susceptibility in a University Teaching Hospital was determined.Inducible clindamycin-resistance in clinical staphylococcal isolates with reduced vancomycin susceptibility in a University Teaching Hospital - Corrected ProofB. Olayinka, A. Olayinka, A. Obajuluwa, J. Onaolapo, P. Olurinola10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.393International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.013http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004261/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poststernotomy mediastinitis is a rare but serious complication, which has a great impact on patient's morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study evaluated different antibiotic therapies, after similar aggressive surgical treatment was performed.Different antibiotic treatments in patients suffering from MRSA-mediastinitis after cardiac surgery - Corrected ProofP. Dohmen, J. Schaefer, W. Konertz10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.394International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.014http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004273/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) susceptible range for MRSA isolates to Vancomycin is established at MIC of 2mcg/ml or less, however MRSA isolates with higher MIC within the susceptible range are being reported more frequently. It has been reported that the clinical response to therapy with vancomycin for patients infected with MRSA isolates with MIC's ≥ 1.5 to 2mcg/ml is decreased.Trends in Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to Vancomycin over a 2 year period in a community based hospital - Corrected ProofJ. Murillo, C. Garcia, F. Ordieres10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.395International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.015http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004285/abstract?rss=yesBackground: MRSA is a major cause of both hospital- and community-acquired infections. In addition to their antibiotic resistance, MRSA can affect various anatomical sites, resulting in significant morbidity, long hospital stays and high treatment costs. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities and the presence of inducible macrolidelincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance, and the genetic relationships based on SCCmec and multi-locus VNTR analyses (MLVA).Antimicrobial susceptibilities, and SCCmec and multi-locus VNTR analyses of polymorphism and genetic relationships of clinical isolates of MRSA - Corrected ProofP. Brown, S.-L. Peart, J.-A. Dookie10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.396International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.016http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004297/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Acinetobacter infection is an emerging problem, as multiple resistant strains to antibiotics colonize Intensive Care Units. The objective was to study the resistance patterns of Acinetobacter strains isolated in ICU and other wards.Resistance to antibiotics of acinetbacter strains isolated from hospital associated infections - Corrected ProofL.M. Junie, E. Papadomanolaki, G. Aleuraki, P. Karagianni, A. Tsafaraki, A. Tsouri, D. Labousaki, E. Volanis, S. Kastanakis10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.397International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.017http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004303/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) are infiltrating hospitals and becoming the dominant colonising strains. While the optimal MRSA detection strategy remains debatable reliance on conventional microbiological methods causes delay in identifying MRSA carriers culminating in cross infection and dissemination of hospital acquired MRSA infection.Real time PCR resolution of community acquired MRSA reservoirs: A strategy for the reduction of time to detection of hospital acquired MRSA - Corrected ProofS. Connolly, S.N. Connolly, Y. Pasari10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.398International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.018http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004315/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Empirical CA-MRSA treatment could be affected by Bf development.There is an increasing appreciation that planktonic microbes account for only a very small proportion of microbial life, the bulk are found in a sessile form in Bf. Therefore, we study the influence of VA and TMP-SMX in early Bf development.Study of Vancomycin (VA) and Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) activity on community-associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) biofilms (Bf) in vitro - Corrected ProofA. Farinati, M.V. Campana, S.C. Lopez, R. Notario, J.M. Casellas, G. Vazquez10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.399International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.019http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004327/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Accuracy and promptness in the detection of methicillin resistance are of key importance in ensuring the correct antibiotic treatment in infected patients and control of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the hospital environment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of disc diffusion tests to characterize MRSA and compare it with oxacillin agar screening and detection of mecA gene by PCR.Disc diffusion methods versus PCR for mecA gene in detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - Corrected ProofZ. Mohammadtaheri, M. Pourpaki, F. Mohammadi, S. Raeissi, M.A. Khodadoust, M. Masjedi10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.400International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0874.020http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004339/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Several H. pylori genes that are related to the risk of disease have been identified. The cytotoxin-associated gene (cagA) is a marker for a genomic pathogenicity (cag) island of about 40 kbp whose presence is associated with a more severe clinical outcome. A cytotoxin that injures epithelial cells is encoded by vacuolating cytotoxin A gene (vacA). vacA is present in all H. pylori strains and contains at least two variable parts. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficiency of using PCR technique as a powerful tool besides being an easy and low cost method for diagnosis of H pylori infection through molecular detection of cagA and vacAs1 genes in gastric tissue biopsies obtained from patients diagnosed as H. pylori positive.Molecular diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk factor of the presence of cagA and vacA genes - Corrected ProofA. Hassan10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.401International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0875.001http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004340/abstract?rss=yesBackground: The diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis gondii in veterinary medicine is affected, one hand that limited of commercial offers and on the other hand the diversity of species, that which would require the employment of different species specific conjugated for the Indirect Inmunofluorescencia and the indirect or sandwich ELISA, therefore to have a competitive ELISA system that allows the simultaneous diagnosis of big quantities of samples of any animal species, would be of incalculable value for epizootic and epidemiologist studies, simplifying the laboratory work.Competitive ELISA for Toxoplasma gondii Zoonoses - Corrected ProofA.A. Entrena García10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.402International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0875.002http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004352/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Brucellosis is a common disease with different clinical features and diagnostic methods .Regarding to increasing use of ELISA as a new method this study was conducted to determine sensivity and specifity of ELISA method for diagnosis of brucellosis in Kashan – Iran in 2007.Sensivity and specifity of ELISA test for diagnosis of brucellosis - Corrected ProofZ. Vakili, M. Momen Heravi, A. Sharif10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.403International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0875.003http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004364/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Sexually transmitted infections are a major global cause of acute illness, infertility, long-term disability and death, with severe medical and psychological consequences for millions of men, women and infants. There are more than 20 pathogens that are transmissible through sexual intercourse. Many of them are curable by appropriate antimicrobial treatment. WHO estimated that 340 million new cases of trichomoniasis (174 million), chlamydia (92 million), gonorrhoea (62 million) and syphilis (12 million) have occurred throughout the world in 1999 in men and women aged 15-49 years. Epidemiological information plays an important role in the development of public health services. This information is not available for the catchment area of our laboratory.Molecular epidemiology of selected sexually transmitted bacterial infections - Corrected ProofH. Jalal10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.404International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0875.004http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004376/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Homeless youth living on the streets of large cities and engaging in unprotected sex are at risk of infections with C. trachomatis [CT], N. gonorrhoeae [GC], T. vaginalis [TV], and human papillomavirus [HPV]. The APTIMA transcription mediated amplification [TMA] assays are sensitive and specific for detecting genital infections using various sample types.Burden of infection with C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, T. vaginalis and HR-HPV in homeless youth determined by APTIMA testing - Corrected ProofM. Chernesky, D. Jang, M. Smieja, E. Portillo, J. Kapala, J. Sumner10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.405International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0875.005http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004388/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Despite the rising morbidity and mortality of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), a rapid and reliable test to confirm the diagnosis remains elusive. The cell culture cytotoxin assay (CCCA), considered the gold standard, is complex and time consuming. Commonly used EIA methods for detecting toxins A & B have sensitivities of only 50-90%, leading to confusion regarding the interpretation of negative tests. The Cepheid Xpert Clostridium difficile PCR test was recently FDA approved and may improve sensitivity and specificity with faster turnaround time. We sought to evaluate the clinical utility of this new PCR test compared to the standard Meridian Premier EIA toxin A/B test.Evaluation of PCR versus EIA for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection - Corrected ProofM.T. Busowski, C. DeRyke, D. bohmer, J.D. Busowski, R. Franklin, A.F. Walsh, M.R. Wallace10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.406International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0875.006http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS120197121000439X/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Rapid, simple, and new diagnostic tools are needed for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study is to identify a combination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) peptides useful for the serodiagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TBp).Serodiagnosis of tuberculosis using nine in silico predicted B-cell epitopes peptides derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins - Corrected ProofL. Baassii, K. Sadki, F. Seghrouchni, S. Contini, W. Cherki, N. Nagelkerke, A. Benjouad, C. Saltini, V. Colizzi, R. El aouad, M. Amicosante10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.407International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0875.007http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004406/abstract?rss=yesBackground: The role of nitric oxide (NO) in central nervous system infections is controversial. Nitrites, the stable end product of NO metabolism as reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI), an index of NO synthesis, were measured in CSF and blood of patients with tubercular meningitis (TBM).Cerebrospinal and blood nitric oxide in tubercular meningitis - Corrected ProofS. Jain, R. Srinivas, N. Sharma, M. Khullar10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.408International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0875.008http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS1201971210004418/abstract?rss=yesBackground: To create a rapid, simple and relatively inexpensive screening strategy for childhood tuberculosis (TB) that includes antibody detection assays to improve the accuracy of microscopic examination of sputum for acid-fast bacilli (AFB smear) in Warao indigenous childhood TB given that TB is difficult to diagnose, and invasive procedures cannot be used to select samples in these communities.Combinatorial use of IgG antibodies to secreted mycobacterial proteins to create a screening test for childhood tuberculosis - Corrected ProofZ. Araujo, F. Giampietro, M.A. Patarroyo, C. Fernandez de Larrea10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.409International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0875.009http://www.ijidonline.com/article/PIIS120197121000442X/abstract?rss=yesBackground: Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are not FDA-cleared for diagnostic testing of chlamydial (CT) or gonococcal (GC) infection in extragenital sites. In men who have sex with men (MSM), CT and GC infections of the oropharynx or rectum may be common. There have been some concerns about false-positive NAAT results from these sites. We evaluated the APTIMA Combo2 (AC2, Gen-Probe Inc.) and ProbeTec (SDA, Becton Dickinson, Co.) performance on these specimens. Here we present the specificity results.Specificities of the APTIMA Combo 2 and ProbeTec for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in oropharyngeal and rectal specimens from MSM - Corrected ProofJ. Schachter, J. Moncada, A. Roger, L. Rauch, S. Liska, C. Shayevich, J.D. Klausner10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.410International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2010)2010-03-08International Journal of Infectious Diseases2010-03-0875.010