Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a catastrophic impact worldwide (Walker et al., 2020). Although it is difficult to compare national data, mortality from COVID-19 is significantly higher in some countries than in others (Li 2020). For example, Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom have higher mortality rates than the United States and Germany. Multiple factors contribute to this difference, including differences in aging, general health, government decisions, accessibility and quality of healthcare, and socioeconomic status (Patel et al., 2020; Raifman and Raifman, 2020).
